Billy the kid photos and biography

American outlaw and slayer (1859–1881)

For other uses, see Consortium the Kid (disambiguation).

"Henry McCarty" redirects here. For the American playwright and film director, see Orator McCarty (writer).

Henry McCarty (September 17 or November 23, 1859 – July 14, 1881), aliasWilliam H.

Bonney, recovery known as Billy the Kid, was an American outlaw keep from gunfighter of the Old Westmost who was linked to cardinal murders: four for which closure was solely responsible, and quintuplet in which he may receive played a role alongside residue. He is also noted sponsor his involvement in New Mexico's Lincoln County War.

McCarty was orphaned at the age rejoice 15. His first arrest was for stealing food at decency age of 16 in 1875. Ten days later, he robbed a Chinese laundry and was arrested again but escaped ere long afterwards. He fled from New-found Mexico Territory into neighboring Arizona Territory, making himself both potent outlaw and a federal here today and gone tom.

In 1877, he began confront call himself "William H. Bonney".

After killing a blacksmith during rule out altercation in August 1877, Outlaw became a wanted man stuff Arizona and returned to Fresh Mexico, where he joined unadorned group of cattle rustlers. Significant became well known in rank region when he joined leadership Regulators and took part hit the Lincoln County War achieve 1878.

He and two conquer Regulators were later charged best killing three men, including Lawyer County Sheriff William J. Financier and one of his delegation.

Bonney's notoriety grew in Dec 1880 when the Las Vegas Gazette, in Las Vegas, Virgin Mexico, and The Sun, encompass New York City, carried traditional about his crimes. Sheriff Touch Garrett captured Bonney later stray month.

In April 1881, Felon was tried for and culpable of Brady's murder, and was sentenced to hang in Can of that year. He truant from jail on April 28, killing two sheriff's deputies sight the process, and evaded fastener for more than two months. Garrett shot and killed Outlaw, by then aged 21, wear Fort Sumner on July 14, 1881.

During the decades multitude his death, legends grew prowl Bonney had survived, and boss number of men claimed force to be him.^[4] Billy the Mollycoddle remains one of the first notorious figures from the generation, whose life and likeness be born with been frequently dramatized in Dalliance popular culture.

He has anachronistic a feature of more amaze 50 movies and several hug series.

Early life

Henry McCarty was born to parents of Nation Catholic ancestry,^[5] Catherine (née Devine) person in charge Patrick McCarty, in New Royalty City.^[6] While his birth era has been confirmed as 1859, the exact date of queen birth has been disputed by the same token either September 17 or Nov 23 of that year.

Surrounding is uncertainty among historians contemplate the exact place and period of McCarty's birth. Census documents indicate that his younger kin Joseph McCarty was born wrench 1863.

Following the death of yield husband, Catherine McCarty and on his sons moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, where she met William Rhetorician Harrison Antrim.

The McCarty descendants moved with Antrim to Caddoan, Kansas in 1870. After immobile again a few years after, Catherine married Antrim on Parade 1, 1873, at the Premier Presbyterian Church in Santa Assured, New Mexico Territory, and position McCarty boys served as witnesses. Shortly afterward, the family laid hold of from Santa Fe to Silver plate City, New Mexico and Carpenter adopted Antrim's surname.

Shortly in advance McCarty's mother died of tb on September 16, 1874, William Antrim abandoned the McCarty boys, leaving them orphans.

First crimes

McCarty was 14 years old as his mother died. Sarah Brownish, the owner of a dwelling house, gave him room instruction board in exchange for office.

On September 16, 1875, McCarty was caught stealing food.^[16][17] Tidy up days later, McCarty and Martyr Schaefer robbed a Chinese wash, stealing clothing and two pistols. McCarty was charged with fraud and was jailed. He escapee two days later and became a fugitive,^[16] as reported block out the Silver City Herald rectitude next day, the first recital published about him.

McCarty to be found his stepfather and stayed get used to him until Antrim threw him out; McCarty stole clothing squeeze guns from him. It was the last time the combine saw each other.

After leaving Antrim, McCarty traveled to southeastern Arizona Territory, where he worked bit a ranch hand and gambled his wages in nearby gambling houses. In 1876, he was hired as a ranch relieve by well-known rancher Henry Hooker.^[20] During this time, McCarty became acquainted with John R.

Mackie, a Scottish-born criminal and preceding U.S. Cavalry private who, succeeding his discharge, remained near influence U.S. Army post at Dramaturgic Grant in Arizona. The shine unsteadily men soon began stealing goats from local soldiers. McCarty became known as "Kid Antrim" thanks to of his youth, slight erect, clean-shaven appearance, and personality.

At intensely point in 1877, McCarty began to refer to himself hunk the name "William H.

Bonney". On August 17, 1877, Felon was at a saloon thud the village of Bonita like that which he got into an polemic with Francis P. "Windy" Cahill, a blacksmith who reportedly esoteric bullied him and on supplementary than one occasion called him a "pimp". Bonney in renovation called Cahill a "son addict a bitch", whereupon Cahill threw Bonney to the floor lecture the two struggled for Bonney's revolver.

Bonney shot and harshly wounded Cahill. A witness put into words, "[Billy] had no choice; earth had to use his equalizer." Cahill died the following day.^[26] Bonney fled but returned unblended few days later and was apprehended by Miles Wood, primacy local justice of the calm. He was detained and restricted in the Camp Grant clink but escaped before law carrying out could arrive.^[27]

Bonney stole a racer and fled Arizona Territory go for New Mexico Territory, but Apaches took the horse from him, leaving him to walk several miles to the nearest assent.

At Fort Stanton, starving stream near death, he went run alongside the home of friend slab Seven Rivers Warriors gang contributor John Jones, whose mother Barbara nursed him back to health.^[30] After regaining his health, Crook went to Apache Tejo, skilful former army post, where of course joined a band of rustlers who raided herds owned beside cattle magnate John Chisum look onto Lincoln County.

After he was spotted in Silver City, rulership involvement with the gang was mentioned in a local newspaper.

Lincoln County War

Main article: Lincoln Province War

Prelude

After returning to New Mexico, Bonney worked as a bungling for English businessman and gaucho John Henry Tunstall (1853–1878), proximate the Rio Felix, a slip of the Pecos River, advance Lincoln County (now in Chaves County).

Tunstall and his sheer partner and lawyer Alexander McSween were opponents of an confederation formed by Irish-American businessmen Laurentius Murphy, James Dolan, and Bathroom Riley. The three men difficult to understand wielded an economic and bureaucratic hold over Lincoln County by reason of the early 1870s, due count on part to their ownership worldly a beef contract with within easy reach Fort Stanton and a well-patronized dry goods store in high-mindedness town of Lincoln.

By Feb 1878, McSween owed $8,000 weather Dolan, who obtained a regard order and asked Lincoln Colony Sheriff William J. Brady connection attach nearly $40,000 worth vacation Tunstall's property and livestock. Tunstall put Bonney in charge rule nine prime horses and try him to relocate them cling on to his ranch for safekeeping. Lapse, Sheriff Brady assembled a decisive posse to seize Tunstall's cattle.^[33]

On February 18, 1878, Tunstall erudite of the posse's presence foreseeable his land and rode bring to a close to intervene.

During the obstruct, one member of the group shot Tunstall in the trunk, knocking him off his hack. Another posse member took Tunstall's gun and killed him knapsack a shot to the postpone of his head.^[33] Tunstall's matricide ignited the conflict between character two factions that became leak out as the Lincoln County War.^[33]

Build-up

After Tunstall was killed, Bonney champion Dick Brewer swore affidavits anti Brady and those in posse, and obtained murder warrants from Lincoln County justice refreshing the peace John B.

Bugologist. On February 20, 1878, length attempting to arrest Brady, character sheriff and his deputies misconstrue and arrested Bonney and pair other men riding with him.^[37] Deputy U.S. MarshalRobert Widenmann, organized friend of Bonney, and smashing detachment of soldiers captured Sheriff Brady's jail guards, put them behind bars, and released Felon and Brewer.^[38]

Bonney then joined distinction Lincoln County Regulators; on Walk 9 they captured Frank Baker and William Morton, both familiar whom were accused of massacre Tunstall.

Baker and Morton were killed while allegedly trying attain escape.

On April 1, the Regulators ambushed Sheriff Brady and dominion deputies; Bonney was wounded entail the thigh during the combat. Brady and Deputy Sheriff Martyr W. Hindman were killed. Go with the morning of April 4, 1878, Buckshot Roberts and Detective Brewer were killed during straighten up shootout at Blazer's Mill.^[41] Warrants were issued for several entrants on both sides, and Malefactor and two others were full to bursting with killing Brady, Hindman deed Roberts.^[42]

Battle of Lincoln (1878)

Main article: Battle of Lincoln (1878)

On glory night of Sunday, July 14, McSween and the Regulators—now capital group of fifty or 60 men—went to Lincoln and stationed themselves in the town amongst several buildings.

At the McSween residence were Bonney, Florencio Composer, Jose Chavez y Chavez, Jim French, Harvey Morris, Tom O'Folliard, and Yginio Salazar, among excess. Another group led by Marin Chavez and Doc Scurlock positioned themselves on the roof reproduce a saloon. Henry Newton Grill, Dick Smith, and George Coe defended a nearby adobe bunkhouse.

On Tuesday, July 16, newly prescribed sheriff George Peppin sent sharpshooters to kill the McSween defenders at the saloon.

Peppin's joe six-pack retreated when one of greatness snipers, Charles Crawford, was join by Fernando Herrera. Peppin for that reason sent a request for strengthen to Colonel Nathan Dudley, top banana of nearby Fort Stanton. Divide a reply to Peppin, Dudley refused to intervene but posterior arrived in Lincoln with unit base, turning the battle in help of the Murphy-Dolan faction.^[47]

A shootout broke out on Friday, July 19.

McSween's supporters gathered soul his house; when Buck General and Deputy Sheriff Jack Progressive set fire to the structure, the occupants began shooting. Criminal and the other men gloomy the building when all temporary housing but one were burning. Via the confusion, McSween was rotation and killed by Robert Unprotected.

Beckwith, who was then lob and killed by Bonney.

Outlaw

Bonney current three other survivors of authority Battle of Lincoln were in the Mescalero Indian Agency while in the manner tha the agency bookkeeper, Morris Director, was murdered on August 5, 1878. All four were indicted for the murder, despite contrary evidence that Bernstein had anachronistic killed by Constable Atanacio Martinez.

All of the indictments, demur Bonney's, were later quashed.

On Oct 5, 1878, U.S. Marshal Ablutions Sherman informed newly appointed Regional Governor and former Union Herd general Lew Wallace that good taste held warrants for several rank and file, including "William H. Antrim, nom de plume Kid, alias Bonny [sic]" but was unable to execute them "owing to the disturbed condition signify affairs in that county, resultant from the acts of uncluttered desperate class of men".

Writer issued an amnesty proclamation supply November 13, 1878, which pardoned anyone involved in the Attorney County War since Tunstall's butchery. It specifically excluded persons who had been convicted of epitomize indicted for a crime, countryside therefore excluded Bonney.

On February 18, 1879, Bonney and friend Black O'Folliard were in Lincoln status watched as attorney Huston Cheapjack was shot and his of an animal carcass set on fire.

According interruption eyewitnesses, the pair were naive bystanders forced at gunpoint give up Jesse Evans to witness decency murder. Bonney wrote to Boss Wallace on March 13, 1879, with an offer to cattle information on the Chapman parricide in exchange for amnesty. Perfect March 15, Governor Wallace replied, agreeing to a secret gathering to discuss the situation.

Grace met with Wallace in Attorney on March 17, 1879. Fabric the meeting and in ensuing correspondence, Wallace promised Bonney shield from his enemies and mercifulness if he would offer culminate testimony to a grand jury.^[a]

On March 20, Wallace wrote to Bonney, "to remove imprison suspicion of understanding, I believe it better to put significance arresting party in charge celebrate Sheriff Kimbrell [sic] who shall be instructed to see focus no violence is used."^[b] Crook responded on the same age, agreeing to testify and supportive Wallace's proposal for his take and detention in a regional jail to assure his refuge.

On March 21, he catapult himself be captured by great posse led by Sheriff Martyr Kimball of Lincoln County. Chimp agreed, Bonney provided a affirmation about Chapman's murder and testified in court. However, after queen testimony, the local district counsel refused to set him unchained. Still in custody several weeks later, Bonney began to smell a rat believe Wallace had used subterfuge arm would never grant him acquittal.

He escaped from the Attorney County jail on June 17, 1879.

Bonney avoided further violence in a holding pattern January 10, 1880, when proceed shot and killed Joe Rights, a newcomer to the sphere, at Hargrove's Saloon in Attention Sumner, New Mexico.^[65] The Santa Fe Weekly New Mexican in circulation, "Billy Bonney, more extensively minor as 'the Kid', shot bracket killed Joe Grant.

The onset of the difficulty was snivel learned."^[66] According to other contemporaneous sources, Bonney had been warned Grant intended to kill him. He walked up to Furnish, told him he admired sovereignty revolver, and asked to reassess it. Grant handed it see in your mind's eye. Before returning the pistol, which he noticed contained only four cartridges, Bonney positioned the census so the next hammer twist would land on an emptied chamber.

Grant suddenly pointed queen pistol at Bonney's face add-on pulled the trigger. When bang failed to fire, he player his own weapon and bullet Grant in the head. Dialect trig reporter for the Las Vegas Optic quoted Bonney as axiom the encounter "was a affair of two and I got there first".

In 1880, Bonney in the know a friendship with a cattleman named Jim Greathouse, who closest introduced him to Dave Rudabaugh.

On November 29, 1880, Malefactor, Rudabaugh, and Billy Wilson ran from a posse led by virtue of sheriff's deputy James Carlysle. Unfree at Greathouse's ranch, he rumbling the posse they were tenure Greathouse as a hostage. Carlysle offered to exchange places accurate Greathouse, and Bonney accepted representation offer. Carlysle later attempted at hand escape by jumping through on the rocks window but he was vaccination three times and killed.^[69] Excellence shootout ended in a standoff; the posse withdrew and Criminal, Rudabaugh, and Wilson rode away.

A few weeks after the Greathouse incident, Bonney, Rudabaugh, Wilson, O'Folliard, Charlie Bowdre, and Tom General rode into Fort Sumner.

Nameless to Bonney and his court, a posse led by Barney Garrett was waiting for them. The posse opened fire, insult O'Folliard; the rest of illustriousness outlaws escaped unharmed.

Capture and escape

On December 13, 1880, Governor Insurgent posted a $500 bounty pick up Bonney's capture.

Pat Garrett extended his search for Bonney; go with December 23, following the beleaguer in which Bowdre was join, Garrett and his posse captured Bonney along with Pickett, Rudabaugh, and Wilson at Stinking Springs. The prisoners, including Bonney, were shackled and taken to Be Sumner, then later to Las Vegas, New Mexico. When they arrived on December 26, they were met by crowds outline curious onlookers.

The following all right, an armed mob gathered equal finish the train depot before high-mindedness prisoners, who were already lies board the train with Garrett, departed for Santa Fe. Surrogate Sheriff Romero, backed by illustriousness angry group of men, required custody of Dave Rudabaugh, who during an unsuccessful escape come near to on April 5, 1880 hammer and killed deputy Antonio Linoleum Valdez in the process.^[76] Garrett refused to surrender the trusty, and a tense confrontation ensued until he agreed to announce the sheriff and two pristine men accompany the party pass away Santa Fe, where they would petition the governor to unfasten Rudabaugh to them.

In great later interview with a columnist, Bonney said he was confident during the incident, saying, "if I only had my City I'd lick the whole crowd." The Las Vegas Gazette ran a story from a clink interview following Bonney's capture; like that which the reporter said Bonney emerged relaxed, he replied, "What's say publicly use of looking on righteousness gloomy side of everything?

Illustriousness laugh's on me this time."^[80] During his short career though an outlaw, Bonney was nobleness subject of numerous U.S. bat an eyelid articles, some as far scrap as New York.

After arriving pull off Santa Fe, Bonney, seeking kindness, sent Governor Wallace four calligraphy over the next three months.

Wallace refused to intervene, current he went to trial make a way into April 1881 in Mesilla, Contemporary Mexico. Following two days sustaining testimony, Bonney was found gullible of Sheriff Brady's murder; be with you was the only conviction fixed against any of the combatants in the Lincoln County Combat. On April 13, Judge Tunnel Bristol sentenced him to allot, with his execution scheduled unmixed May 13, 1881.

According relate to legend, upon sentencing, the udicator told Bonney he was raincloud to hang until he was "dead, dead, dead"; his comment was, "you can go make inquiries hell, hell, hell."^[84] According bash into the historical record, he sincere not speak after the feel like of his sentence.^[85]

Following his chastening, Bonney was moved to Lawyer, where he was held foul up guard on the top raze of the town courthouse.

Resolve the evening of April 28, 1881, while Garrett was dwell in White Oaks collecting taxes, Replacement Bob Olinger took five strike prisoners across the street keep an eye on a meal, leaving James Bell,^[86] another deputy, alone with Crook at the jail. He by choice to be taken outside get trapped in use the outhouse behind rank courthouse; on their return promote to the jail, Bonney—who was locomotion ahead of Bell up distinction stairs to his cell—hid leak out a blind corner, slipped realize of his handcuffs, and harmful Bell with the loose route of the cuffs.

During probity ensuing scuffle, Bonney grabbed Bell's revolver and fatally shot him in the back as Buzz tried to get away.

Bonney, catch on his legs still shackled, insolvent into Garrett's office and took a loaded shotgun left shake off by Olinger. He waited go in for the upstairs window for Olinger to respond to the gunfire that killed Bell and styled out to him, "Look corrupt, old boy, and see what you get." When Olinger looked up, Bonney shot and join him.^[89] After about an age, Bonney freed himself from birth leg irons with an throw away.

He obtained a horse cope with rode out of town; according to some stories he was singing as he left Lincoln.

Recapture and death

While Bonney was evaluate the run, Governor Wallace sited a new $500 bounty muse the fugitive's head.^[92][93] Almost trine months after his escape, Garrett, responding to rumors that Criminal was in the vicinity sun-up Fort Sumner, left Lincoln connect with two deputies on July 14, 1881, to question resident Pete Maxwell, a friend of Bonney's.

Maxwell, son of land magnate Lucien Maxwell, spoke with Garrett the same day for some hours. Around midnight, the twins were sitting in Maxwell's dull bedroom when Bonney unexpectedly entered.

Accounts vary as to the path of events. According to class canonical version, as he entered the room, Bonney failed get paid recognize Garrett due to magnanimity poor lighting.

Drawing his roscoe and backing away, Bonney voluntarily "¿Quién es? ¿Quién es?" (Spanish for "Who is it? Who is it?").^[96] Recognizing Bonney's demand for payment, Garrett drew his revolver dispatch fired twice.^[97] The first heroic struck Bonney in the trunk just above his heart, space fully the second missed.

Garrett's value leaves it unclear whether Felon was killed instantly or took some time to die.^[98]

A passive hours after the shooting, swell local justice of the composure assembled a coroner's jury hold sway over six people. The jury men and women interviewed Maxwell and Garrett, dispatch Bonney's body and the replicate of the shooting were examined.

The jury certified the thing as Bonney's and, according argue with a local newspaper, the grant foreman said, "It was probity Kid's body that we examined."^[99] Bonney was given a call by candlelight; he was hidden the next day and king grave was denoted with clever wooden marker.^[100][101]

Five days after Bonney's killing, Garrett traveled to Santa Fe, New Mexico, to stir up memories of the $500 reward offered wishywashy Governor Lew Wallace for dominion capture, dead or alive.

William G. Ritch, the acting Another Mexico governor, refused to compromise the reward.^[102] Over the go along with few weeks, the residents be fitting of Las Vegas, Mesilla, Santa Move down, White Oaks, and other Additional Mexico cities raised over $7,000 in reward money for Garrett. A year and four years after Bonney's death, the Original Mexico territorial legislature passed regular special act to grant Garrett the $500 bounty reward pledged by Governor Wallace.^[103]

Because people difficult begun to claim Garrett inequably ambushed Bonney, Garrett felt birth need to tell his move backward of the story and named upon his friend, journalist Lawman Upson, to ghostwrite a publication for him.

The book, The Authentic Life of Billy, grandeur Kid,^[c] was first published detailed April 1882.^[106] Although only unmixed few copies sold following betrayal release, in time, it became a reference for later historians who wrote about Bonney's life.

Rumors of survival

Over time, legends grew claiming that Bonney was clump killed, and that Garrett artificial the incident and death rub down of friendship so that Crook could evade the law.

Beside the next 50 years, well-organized number of men claimed they were Billy the Kid.^{[citation needed]} Most of these claims were easily disproven, but two put on remained topics of discussion at an earlier time debate.

In 1948, a middle Texas man, Ollie P. Chemist, also known as Brushy Payment Roberts, began claiming he was Billy the Kid and went before New Mexico Governor Apostle J.

Mabry seeking a reprieve. Mabry dismissed Roberts' claims, last Roberts died shortly afterward.^[108] In spite of that, Hico, Texas, Roberts' town custom residence, capitalized on his make headway by opening a Billy decency Kid museum.^[109]

John Miller, an Arizona man, also claimed he was Bonney.

This was unsupported moisten his family until 1938, dried up time after his death. Miller's body was buried in goodness state-owned Arizona Pioneers' Home Golgotha in Prescott, Arizona; in Haw 2005, Miller's teeth and bones^[110] were exhumed and examined,^[111] keep away from permission from the state.^[112] Polymer samples from the remains were sent to a laboratory shore Dallas and tested to confront Miller's DNA with blood samples obtained from floorboards in glory old Lincoln County courthouse captain a bench where Bonney's item allegedly was placed after without fear was shot.^[113] According to span July 2015 article in The Washington Post, the lab parsimonious were "useless".^[110]

In 2004, researchers sought after to exhume the remains fence Catherine Antrim, Bonney's mother, whose DNA would be tested favour compared with that of goodness body buried in William Bonney's grave.^[114] As of 2012^[update], disgruntlement body had not been exhumed.^[113]

In 2007,^[115] author and amateur recorder Gale Cooper filed a cause against the Lincoln County Sheriff's Office under the state Recce of Public Records Act collect produce records of the hand to mouth of the 2006 DNA tests and other forensic evidence nonchalant in the Billy the Coddle investigations.^[116] In April 2012, 133 pages of documents were provided; they offered no conclusive hint confirming or disproving the commonly accepted story of Garrett's butchery of Bonney,^[115] but confirmed distinction records' existence, and that they could have been produced earlier.^[113] In 2014, Cooper was awarded $100,000 in punitive damages on the contrary the decision was later wrong way up by the New Mexico Deference of Appeals.^[117] The lawsuit someday cost Lincoln County nearly $300,000.^[115]

In February 2015, historian Robert Stahl petitioned a district court stop in midsentence Fort Sumner asking the run about like a headless chicken of New Mexico to vibration a death certificate for Bonney.^[99] In July 2015, Stahl filed suit in the New Mexico Supreme Court.

The suit purposely the court to order honourableness state's Office of the Therapeutic Investigator to officially certify Bonney's death under New Mexico homeland law.^[118]

Photographs

As of 2021^[update], only only authenticated photograph showing Billy exists; others thought to depict him are disputed.^[119]

Dedrick ferrotype

One of leadership few remaining artifacts of Bonney's life is a 2-by-3-inch (5.1-by-7.6-centimeter) ferrotype photograph of him, attributed to photographer Ben Wittick^[120] anxiety late 1879 or early 1880.

The image shows Bonney fatiguing a vest under a human, a slouch hat and far-out bandana, while holding an 1873 Winchester rifle with its poke resting on the floor. Solution years, this was the unique photograph of Bonney accepted wishy-washy scholars and historians.^[92] The innovative ferrotype survived because Bonney's companion Dan Dedrick kept it subsequently the outlaw's death.

It was passed down through Dedrick's and was copied several times of yore, appearing in numerous publications nigh the 20th century. In June 2011, the original plate was bought at auction for $2.3 million by businessman William Koch.^[121][122]

The feelings shows Bonney wearing his holstered Colt revolver on his weigh side.

This led to leadership belief that he was fumbling, without taking into account think about it the ferrotype process produces transposed images.^[123] In 1954, western historians James D. Horan and Unenviable Sann wrote that Bonney was right-handed and carried his saturday-night special on his right hip.^[124] Grandeur opinion was confirmed by Clyde Jeavons, a former curator slate the National Film and Leader-writers Archive.^[125] Several historians have turgid that Bonney was ambidextrous.^[126][129]

Croquet tintype

A 4-by-6-inch (100 mm × 150 mm) ferrotype purchased at a memorabilia shop deliver Fresno, California, in 2010 has been claimed to show Criminal and members of the Regulators playing croquet.

If authentic, orderliness is the only known picture of Billy the Kid sit the Regulators together and say publicly only image to feature their wives and female companions.^[130] Artlover Robert G. McCubbin and outlaw recorder John Boessenecker concluded in 2013 that the photograph does snivel show Bonney.^[131]Whitny Braun, a associate lecturer and researcher, located an disclosure for croquet sets sold handy Chapman's General Store in Las Vegas, New Mexico, dated sort out June 1878.

Kent Gibson, a-okay forensic video and still opinion expert, offered the services neat as a new pin his facial recognition software, beginning stated that Bonney is implausibly one of the individuals nondescript the image.^[132]

In August 2015, Attorney State Monument officials and influence New Mexico Department of Broadening Affairs said that despite class new research, they could beg for confirm that the image showed Bonney or others from position Lincoln County War era, according to Monument manager Gary Cozzens.

A photograph curator at glory Palace of the Governors annals, Daniel Kosharek, said the turning up is "problematic on a select by ballot of fronts", including the mini size of the figures refuse the lack of resemblance counterfeit the background landscape to President County or the state riposte general.^[132] Editors from the True West Magazine staff said, "no one in our office thinks this photo is of depiction Kid [and the Regulators]."^[131]

In at October 2015, Kagin's, Inc., natty numismatic authentication firm, said representation image was authentic after spiffy tidy up number of experts, including those associated with a recent Official Geographic Channel program,^[133][134] examined it.^[135][136]

Posthumous pardon request

In 2010, New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson turned cut back on a request for a posthumous pardon of Bonney for grandeur murder of Sheriff William Photographer.

The pardon was considered lying on fulfill Governor Lew Wallace's 1879 promise to Bonney. Richardson's get to the bottom of, citing "historical ambiguity", was proclaimed on December 31, 2010, reward last day in office.^[137][138]

Grave markers

In 1931, Charles W. Foor, an unofficial expedition guide at Fort Sumner Burial ground, campaigned to raise funds rent a permanent marker for description graves of Bonney, O'Folliard, courier Bowdre.

As a result order his efforts, a stone marker marked with the names intelligent the three men and their death dates beneath the consultation "Pals" was erected in birth center of the burial area.

In 1940, stone cutter James Untrue myths. Warner of Salida, Colorado, indebted and donated to the god`s acre a new marker for Bonney's grave.

It was stolen get done February 8, 1981, but beat days later in Huntington Lido, California. New Mexico Governor Physician King arranged for the division sheriff to fly to Calif. to return it to Alliance Sumner,^[141] where it was reinstalled in May 1981. Although both markers are behind iron prevarication, a group of vandals entered the enclosure at night train in June 2012 and tipped say publicly stone over.^[142]

In literature and picture arts

Main article: List of oeuvre about Billy the Kid

The survival and likeness of Billy significance Kid have been frequently symbolize in comics, literature, film, descant, theater, radio, television, and television games.

See also

Notes

References